Endocrine Abstracts

Thyroid hormones (TH) are important regulators of human metabolism and development, which modulate expression of target genes via nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). Different isoforms of these classical TRs including TRβ isoforms TRβ1 and TRβ2 as well as TRα1 were shown to be functional TH-responsive transcription factors and have been extensively studied. In contrast, the cellular function of TRα2, an alternative splice variant of TRα1, is ...

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone released from enteroendocrine L-cells in the gut. GLP-1 analogues and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors are currently used to treat type-2 diabetes. A greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying the release of GLP-1 may facilitate the development of therapeutics to stimulate the release of endogenous GLP-1. Bile acids have been shown to induce GLP-1 release via the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 ...

Objectives: To study the effect of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) on hormone expression in gonadotroph non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (NF-PitNET).Background: Gonadotroph PitNETs can express FSH and LH or be hormone negative, however they rarely secrete hormones. During tumour development, epithelial cells develop a mesenchymal phenotype. This process is characterised by decreased membranous E-cadherin and translocation of E-...

Background: Physiological elevations of free fatty acids (FFAs) occur in a dynamic bell-shaped fashion lasting some hours, e.g. nocturnally and during exercise. In order to define the metabolic role of physiological elevations in relation to diurnal fluctuations in insulin sensitivity, the present study was designed to identify the metabolic effects of a dynamic 4 hour elevation of FFAs during a glucose clamp.Materials and methods: 8 lean, healthy men we...

Female adrenal failure involves impaired DHEA secretion and very low circulating androgens. To address the impact of a daily physiological substitution dose of capsule DHEA 50 mg on quality of life and sexual parameters, we performed a 6 month trial in a randomised, crossover and placebo controlled design. The trial was approved by the local ethical committee and conducted according to GCP guidelines. Ten patients were enrolled. Seven patients reported seborrhoic side effects ...

ContextActive acromegaly is associated with impaired glucose metabolism, which improves upon treatment. Treatment options include surgery, medical therapy with somatostatin analogues (SSA) and Pegvisomant (PEG) and in few cases irradiation.ObjectiveTo describe the differential effect of various treatment regimens on the secretion of glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1), and glucose-depen...

Endocrine Connections, 2020, 9(4): 279–288 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-20-0009)...